CWindow Class

CWindow is a powerful class to easily create Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) for Windows applications.

Main features

• Easy creation of Graphical User Interfaces (GUI).
• 100% compatible with the Windows API.
• Optional default values for window styles and extended styles.
• High DPI and Unicode support for windows and controls.
• Support for alpha blended icons and images.

Remarks

The default message pump (CWindow.DoEvents), should be enough for most applications, but you can replace it with your own.

Include file: AfxNova/CWindow.inc.

Constructor

Registers the class name and initializes the common controls library.

CONSTRUCTOR CWindow (BYREF wszClassName AS CONST WSTRING = "")

Usage examples

DIM pWindow AS CWindow

DIM pWindow AS CWindow = "MyClassName"

Tutorial

Methods and Properties

Procedures

Dialog

Tutorial

Creating the main window

To use CWindow you must first include “CWindow.inc” and allow all symbols of its namespace to be accessed adding USING AfxNova.

#INCLUDE ONCE "AfxNova/CWindow.inc"
USING AfxNova

The first step is to create an instance of the class:

DIM pWindow AS CWindow

The CWindow constructor registers a class for the window with the name “FBWindowClass:xxx”, where xxx is a counter number. Alternatively, you can force the use of your own class name by specifying it, e.g.

DIM pWindow AS CWindow = "MyClassName"

The constructor also checks if the application is DPI aware and calculates the scaling ratios and the default font name (“Segoe UI”, 9 pt, for Windows 10 and above”).

You can override it by setting your own DPI and/or font before creating the window, e.g.

DIM pWindow AS CWindow
pWindow. DPI = 96
pWindow.SetFont("Times New Roman", 10, FW_NORMAL, , , , DEFAULT_CHARSET)

By default, CWindow uses a standard COLOR_3DFACE + 1 brush. You can override it calling the Brush property:

DIM pWindow AS CWindow
pWindow.Brush = GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH)

This makes the background of the window white.

The window class uses CS_HREDRAW OR CS_VREDRAW as default window styles. Without them, the background is not repainted and the controls leave garbage in it when resized. With them, windows with many controls can cause flicker. To avoid flicker, you can change the windows style using e.g. pWindow.ClassStyle = CS_DBLCLKS and take care yourself of repainting.

The next step is to create the window.

The Create method has many parameters, all of which are optional:

hParent     = Parent window handle
wszTitle    = Window caption
lpfnWndProc = Address of the callback function
x           = Horizontal position
y           = Vertical position
nWidth      = Window width
nHeight     = Window height
dwStyle     = Window style
dwExStyle   = Extended style

The most verbose way to call it is:

DIM hwndMain AS HWND = pWindow.Create(NULL, "CWindow Test", @WndProc, 0, 0, 525, 395, _
   WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW OR WS_CLIPCHILDREN OR WS_CLIPSIBLINGS, WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT OR WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE)

But just using

pWindow.Create

a working window is created and sized using CW_USEDEFAULT.

Unless the window has to use all the available desktop space, it may be preferible to use the SetClientSize method to size the window because Windows UI elements such the caption and borders have different sizes depending of the Windows version and/or the styles used. Therefore, to make sure that you have enough room for your controls, sizing the window according the client size seems more adequate.

We may need to process Windows messages, so we need to provide a callback function, e.g.

' ========================================================================================
' Window procedure
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION WndProc (BYVAL hWnd AS HWND, BYVAL uMsg AS UINT, BYVAL wParam AS WPARAM, BYVAL lParam AS LPARAM) AS LRESULT

   SELECT CASE uMsg

      CASE WM_COMMAND
         SELECT CASE LOWORD(wParam)
            CASE IDCANCEL
               ' // If ESC key pressed, close the application sending an WM_CLOSE message
               IF HIWORD(wParam) = BN_CLICKED THEN
                  SendMessageW hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0
                  EXIT FUNCTION
               END IF
         END SELECT

      CASE WM_DESTROY
         PostQuitMessage(0)
         EXIT FUNCTION

   END SELECT

   FUNCTION = DefWindowProcW(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam)

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

and we have to pass the address of that callback function:

pWindow.Create(NULL, "CWindow Test", @WndProc)
pWindow.SetClientSize(500, 320)   ' The size may vary

Optionally, we can automatically center the window in the destop calling the Center method, e.g.

pWindow.Create(NULL, "CWindow Test", @WndProc)
pWindow.SetClientSize(500, 320)   ' The size may vary
pWindow.Center

To process Windows messages we need a message pump. CWindow provides a default one calling the DoEvents method:

FUNCTION = pWindow.DoEvents(nCmdShow)

This default message pump displays the window and processes the messages. It can be used with most applications, but, in case of need, you can replace it with your own, e.g.

' // Displays the window
DIM hwndMain AS HWND = pWindow.hWindow
ShowWindow(hwndMain, nCmdShow)
UpdateWindow(hwndMain)

' // Processes Windows messages
DIM uMsg AS MSG
WHILE (GetMessageW(@uMsg, NULL, 0, 0) <> FALSE)
   IF IsDialogMessageW(hWndMain, @uMsg) = 0 THEN
      TranslateMessage(@uMsg)
      DispatchMessageW(@uMsg)
   END IF
WEND
FUNCTION = uMsg.wParam

Each instance of the CWindow class has an user data area consisting in an array of 99 LONG_PTR values that you can use to store information that you find useful.

These values are set and retrieved using the UserData property and an index from 0 to 99.

Getting a pointer to the CWindow class

At any time, you can get a pointer to the CWindow class by using:

DIM pWindow AS CWindow PTR = CAST(CWindow PTR, GetWindowLongPtrW(hwnd, 0))
- or -
DIM pWindow AS CWindow PTR = AfxCWindowPtr(hwnd)

where hwnd is the handle of its associated window handle.

If the handle of the main window its not available, the function AfxCWindowOwnerPtr allows the use of the handle of any of it’s child controls.

An special case is the WM_CREATE message.

At the time in which this message is processed in the window callback, CWindow has not yet been able to store the pointer in the extra bytes of the window class.

To solve this problem, the Create method passes the pointer to the class in the lParam parameter when calling the API function CreateWindowEx to create the window.

This pointer can be retrieved in WM_CREATE using:

CASE WM_CREATE
   DIM pCreateStruct AS CREATESTRUCT PTR = CAST(CREATESTRUCT PTR, lParam)
   DIM pWindow AS CWindow PTR = CAST(CWindow PTR, pCreateStruct->lpCreateParams)
- or -
CASE WM_CREATE
   DIM pWindow AS CWindow PTR = AfxCWindowPtr(lParam)

Adding controls

To add controls to the window you can use the AddControl method. Alternatively, you can use the API function CreateWindowEx, but then you will have to do scaling by yourself.

Besides the registered class names for the controls, in many cases you can use easier to remember aliases. For example. you can use “STATUSBAR” instead of “MSCTLS_STATUSBAR32”.

The AddControl method also provides default styles for all the Windows controls. Therefore, you can save typing unless you need to use different styles.

For example, to add a button you can use

pWindow.AddControl("Button", pWindow.hWindow, IDCANCEL, "&Close", 350, 250, 75, 23)

instead of

pWindow.AddControl("Button", pWindow.hWindow, IDCANCEL, "&Close", 350, 250, 75, 23, _
   WS_CHILD OR WS_VISIBLE OR WS_TABSTOP OR BS_PUSHBUTTON OR BS_CENTER OR BS_VCENTER)

For a list of predefined class names and styles, see the AddControl method.

If the application is DPI aware, controls created with the AddControl method are scaled according to the DPI setting.

Popup windows

To create a popup window you simply create a new instance of the CWindow class and, in the Create method, you make it child of the main window and use the WS_POPUPWINDOW style.

DIM pWindow AS CWindow
pWindow.Create(hParent, "Popup window", @PopupWndProc, , , , , _
   WS_VISIBLE OR WS_CAPTION OR WS_POPUPWINDOW OR WS_THICKFRAME, WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE)

The window created this way is modeless. To make it modal, we need to disable the parent window:

CASE WM_CREATE
   EnableWindow GetParent(hwnd), FALSE

When the popup dialog is closed, we need to enable the parent window:

CASE WM_CLOSE
   ' // Enables parent window keeping parent's zorder
   EnableWindow GetParent(hwnd), CTRUE

Example

#INCLUDE ONCE "windows.bi"
#INCLUDE ONCE "AfxNova/CWindow.inc"
USING AfxNova

CONST IDC_POPUP = 1001

DECLARE FUNCTION wWinMain (BYVAL hInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                           BYVAL hPrevInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                           BYVAL pwszCmdLine AS WSTRING PTR, _
                           BYVAL nCmdShow AS LONG) AS LONG

   END wWinMain(GetModuleHandleW(NULL), NULL, WCOMMAND(), SW_NORMAL)

DECLARE FUNCTION WndProc (BYVAL hWnd AS HWND, BYVAL uMsg AS UINT, BYVAL wParam AS WPARAM, BYVAL lParam AS LPARAM) AS LRESULT
DECLARE FUNCTION PopupWindow (BYVAL hParent AS HWND) AS LONG
DECLARE FUNCTION PopupWndProc (BYVAL hWnd AS HWND, BYVAL uMsg AS UINT, BYVAL wParam AS WPARAM, BYVAL lParam AS LPARAM) AS LRESULT

' ========================================================================================
' Main
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION wWinMain (BYVAL hInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                   BYVAL hPrevInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                   BYVAL pwszCmdLine AS WSTRING PTR, _
                   BYVAL nCmdShow AS LONG) AS LONG

   ' // Set process DPI aware
   SetProcessDpiAwareness(PROCESS_SYSTEM_DPI_AWARE)

   DIM pWindow AS CWindow
   pWindow.Create(NULL, "CWindow with a popup window", @WndProc)
   pWindow.SetClientSize(500, 320)
   pWindow.Center

   ' // Add a button
   pWindow.AddControl("Button", pWindow.hWindow, IDC_POPUP, "&Popup", 350, 250, 75, 23)

   FUNCTION = pWindow.DoEvents(nCmdShow)

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

' ========================================================================================
' Window procedure
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION WndProc (BYVAL hWnd AS HWND, BYVAL uMsg AS UINT, BYVAL wParam AS WPARAM, BYVAL lParam AS LPARAM) AS LRESULT

   SELECT CASE uMsg

      CASE WM_CREATE
         EXIT FUNCTION

      CASE WM_COMMAND
         ' // If ESC key pressed, close the application sending an WM_CLOSE message
         SELECT CASE LOWORD(wParam)
            CASE IDCANCEL
               IF HIWORD(wParam) = BN_CLICKED THEN
                  SendMessageW hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0
                  EXIT FUNCTION
               END IF
            CASE IDC_POPUP
               IF HIWORD(wParam) = BN_CLICKED THEN
                  PopupWindow(hwnd)
                  EXIT FUNCTION
               END IF
         END SELECT

        CASE WM_DESTROY
         PostQuitMessage(0)
         EXIT FUNCTION

   END SELECT

   FUNCTION = DefWindowProcW(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam)

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

' ========================================================================================
' Popup window procedure
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION PopupWindow (BYVAL hParent AS HWND) AS LONG

   DIM pWindow AS CWindow
   pWindow.Create(hParent, "Popup window", @PopupWndProc, , , , , _
      WS_VISIBLE OR WS_CAPTION OR WS_POPUPWINDOW OR WS_THICKFRAME, WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE)
   pWindow.Brush = GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH)
   pWindow.SetClientSize(300, 200)
   pWindow.Center(pWindow.hWindow, hParent)
   ' / Process Windows messages
   FUNCTION = pWindow.DoEvents

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

' ========================================================================================
' Popup window procedure
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION PopupWndProc (BYVAL hWnd AS HWND, BYVAL uMsg AS UINT, BYVAL wParam AS WPARAM, BYVAL lParam AS LPARAM) AS LRESULT

   DIM hOldFont AS HFONT
   STATIC hNewFont AS HFONT

   SELECT CASE uMsg

      CASE WM_CREATE
         ' // Get a pointer to the CWindow class from the CREATESTRUCT structure
         DIM pCreateStruct AS CREATESTRUCT PTR = CAST(CREATESTRUCT PTR, lParam)
         DIM pWindow AS CWindow PTR = CAST(CWindow PTR, pCreateStruct->lpCreateParams)
         ' // Create a new font scaled according the DPI ratio
         IF pWindow->DPI <> 96 THEN hNewFont = pWindow->CreateFont("Tahoma", 9)
         ' Disable parent window to make popup window modal
         EnableWindow GetParent(hwnd), FALSE
         EXIT FUNCTION

      CASE WM_COMMAND
         SELECT CASE LOWORD(wParam)
            ' // If ESC key pressed, close the application sending an WM_CLOSE message
            CASE IDCANCEL
               IF HIWORD(wParam) = BN_CLICKED THEN
                  SendMessageW hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0
                  EXIT FUNCTION
               END IF
         END SELECT

      CASE WM_PAINT
            DIM rc AS RECT, ps AS PAINTSTRUCT, hDC AS HANDLE
         hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, @ps)
         IF hNewFont THEN hOldFont = CAST(HFONT, SelectObject(hDC, CAST(HGDIOBJ, hNewFont)))
         GetClientRect(hWnd, @rc)
         DrawTextW(hDC, "Hello, World!", -1, @rc, DT_SINGLELINE or DT_CENTER or DT_VCENTER)
         IF hNewFont THEN SelectObject(hDC, CAST(HGDIOBJ, CAST(HFONT, hOldFont)))
         EndPaint(hWnd, @ps)
         EXIT FUNCTION

      CASE WM_CLOSE
         ' // Enables parent window keeping parent's zorder
         EnableWindow GetParent(hwnd), CTRUE
         ' // Don't exit; let DefWindowProcW perform the default action

        CASE WM_DESTROY
         ' // Destroy the new font
         IF hNewFont THEN DeleteObject(CAST(HGDIOBJ, hNewFont))
         ' // End the application by sending an WM_QUIT message
         PostQuitMessage(0)
         EXIT FUNCTION

   END SELECT

   FUNCTION = DefWindowProcW(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam)

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

Modeless Popup Windows and Custom Message Pump

In the above example, if you remove EnableWindow to keep the popup window modeless, you must replace the default message pump (CWindow.DoEvents) with a custom loop. Otherwise, the popup may not exit cleanly when the main window closes.

Problem: When the main window is destroyed, it sends WM_DESTROY to its children—including the modeless popup. The popup may call PostQuitMessage, but if it doesn’t have focus, it won’t receive WM_QUIT, and its message loop will continue running.

Solution: Use a custom message pump that checks if the popup window still exists. Once IsWindow(hWnd) returns FALSE, the loop exits cleanly.

Therefore, replace

' / Process Windows messages
FUNCTION = pWindow.DoEvents

with a custom message pump like this:

DIM hWndPopUp AS HWND = pWindow.hWindow
DIM uMsg AS tagMsg
DO
   IF PeekMessageW(@uMsg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE) THEN
      IF IsDialogMessageW(hWndPopUp, @uMsg) = 0 THEN
         TranslateMessage @uMsg
         DispatchMessage @uMsg
      END IF
   END IF
LOOP WHILE IsWindow(hWndPopUp)
FUNCTION = uMsg.wParam

and remove PostQuitMessage(0) in WM_DESTROY.

Using PNG icons in toolbars

AfxGdiplus.inc provides functions that allow to use alpha-blended PNG icons in toolbars.

AfxGdipAddIconFromFile loads the images from disk and AfxGdipAddIconFromRes from a resource file embedded in the application.

We need to create an image list for the toolbar of the appropriate size. To calculate the size, I’m using the following formula: 16 * pWindow.DPI  96. Where 16 is the size of a normal icon (for toolbars it may be preferible to use 20 to make them a bit bigger), pWindow.DPI the DPI being used by the computer and 96 the DPI used by applications that are not DPI aware.

' // Create an image list for the toolbar
DIM hImageList AS HIMAGELIST
DIM cx AS LONG = 16 * pWindow.DPI \ 96
hImageList = ImageList_Create(cx, cx, ILC_COLOR32 OR ILC_MASK, 4, 0)
IF hImageList THEN
   AfxGdipAddIconFromRes(hImageList, hInst, "IDI_ARROW_LEFT_48")
   AfxGdipAddIconFromRes(hImageList, hInst, "IDI_ARROW_RIGHT_48")
   AfxGdipAddIconFromRes(hImageList, hInst, "IDI_HOME_48")
   AfxGdipAddIconFromRes(hImageList, hInst, "IDI_SAVE_48")
END IF
SendMessageW hToolBar, TB_SETIMAGELIST, 0, CAST(LPARAM, hImageList)

We are using 48 bit icons in this example, that usually resize well to adapt to different DPI settings. This way, we can use only a set of icons instead of several sets of icons of different sizes. However, for best quality, it is advisable to use the appropriate icon size.

AfxGdipAddIconFromFile and AfxGdipAddIconFromRes also provide two optional parameters, dimPercent and bGrayScale. With dimPercent you can indicate a percentage of dimming, and bGrayScale is a boolean value (TRUE or FALSE) that tells these functions to convert the icon colors to shades of gray. This allows to create an image list for disabled items with the same icon set. The following code creates a disabled image using the same color PNG icons, but dimming them a 60% and converting them to gray:

' // Create a disabled image list for the toolbar
DIM hDisabledImageList AS HIMAGELIST
DIM cx AS LONG = 16 * pWindow.DPI \ 96
hDisabledImageList = ImageList_Create(cx, cx, ILC_COLOR32 OR ILC_MASK, 4, 0)
IF hDisabledImageList THEN
   AfxGdipAddIconFromRes(hDisabledImageList, hInst, "IDI_ARROW_LEFT_48", 60, TRUE))
   AfxGdipAddIconFromRes(hDisabledImageList, hInst, "IDI_ARROW_RIGHT_48", 60, TRUE))
   AfxGdipAddIconFromRes(hDisabledImageList, hInst, "IDI_HOME_48", 60, TRUE))
   AfxGdipAddIconFromRes(hDisabledImageList, hInst, "IDI_SAVE_48", 60, TRUE))
END IF
SendMessageW hToolBar, TB_SETDISABLEDIMAGELIST, 0, CAST(LPARAM, hDisabledImageList)

Resource file:

//=============================================================================
// Manifest
//=============================================================================

1 24 ".\Resources\Manifest.xml"

//=============================================================================
// Toolbar icons
//=============================================================================

// Toolbar, normal
IDI_ARROW_LEFT       RCDATA ".\Resources\arrow_left_48.png"
IDI_ARROW_RIGHT      RCDATA ".\Resources\arrow_right_48.png"
IDI_HOME             RCDATA ".\Resources\home_48.png"
IDI_SAVE             RCDATA ".\Resources\save_48.png"

Manifest:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
   <assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">

      <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0"
         processorArchitecture="*"
         name="ApplicationName"
         type="win32"/>
      <description>Optional description of your application</description>

      <asmv3:application>
         <asmv3:windowsSettings xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">
            <dpiAware>true</dpiAware>
         </asmv3:windowsSettings>
      </asmv3:application>

      <!-- Compatibility section -->
      <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
         <application>
            <!--The ID below indicates application support for Windows Vista -->
            <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}"/>
            <!--The ID below indicates application support for Windows 7 -->
            <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}"/>
            <!--This Id value indicates the application supports Windows 8 functionality-->
            <supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}"/>
            <!--This Id value indicates the application supports Windows 8.1 functionality-->
            <supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}"/>
            <!--This Id value indicates the application supports Windows 10 functionality-->
            <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}"/>
         </application>
       </compatibility>

      <!-- Trustinfo section -->
      <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2">
         <security>
            <requestedPrivileges>
               <requestedExecutionLevel
                  level="asInvoker"
                  uiAccess="false"/>
               </requestedPrivileges>
         </security>
      </trustInfo>

      <dependency>
         <dependentAssembly>
            <assemblyIdentity
               type="win32"
               name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
               version="6.0.0.0"
               processorArchitecture="*"
               publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
               language="*" />
         </dependentAssembly>
      </dependency>

   </assembly>

Example

#define unicode
#INCLUDE ONCE "windows.bi"
#INCLUDE ONCE "AfxNova/CWindow.inc"
#INCLUDE ONCE "AfxNova/AfxCtl.inc"
#INCLUDE ONCE "AfxNova/AfxGdiplus.inc"
USING AfxNova

DECLARE FUNCTION wWinMain (BYVAL hInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                           BYVAL hPrevInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                           BYVAL pwszCmdLine AS wSTRING PTR, _
                           BYVAL nCmdShow AS LONG) AS LONG

   END wWinMain(GetModuleHandleW(NULL), NULL, WCOMMAND(), SW_NORMAL)

CONST IDC_TOOLBAR = 1001
enum
   IDM_LEFTARROW = 28000
   IDM_RIGHTARROW
   IDM_HOME
   IDM_SAVEFILE
end enum

' ========================================================================================
' Window procedure
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION WndProc (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND, BYVAL uMsg AS UINT, BYVAL wParam AS WPARAM, BYVAL lParam AS LPARAM) AS LRESULT

   DIM pWindow AS CWindow PTR

   SELECT CASE uMsg

      CASE WM_CREATE
         EXIT FUNCTION

      CASE WM_COMMAND
         SELECT CASE LOWORD(wParam)
            CASE IDCANCEL
               ' // If ESC key pressed, close the application sending an WM_CLOSE message
               IF HIWORD(wParam) = BN_CLICKED THEN
                  SendMessageW hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0
                  EXIT FUNCTION
               END IF
'            CASE IDM_CUT   ' etc.
'               MessageBoxW hwnd, "You have clicked the Cut button", "Toolbar", MB_OK
'               EXIT FUNCTION
         END SELECT

      CASE WM_DESTROY
         ' // Destroy the image list
         ImageList_Destroy CAST(HIMAGELIST, SendMessageW(GetDlgItem(hwnd, IDC_TOOLBAR), TB_SETIMAGELIST, 0, 0))
         PostQuitMessage(0)
         EXIT FUNCTION

   END SELECT

   FUNCTION = DefWindowProcW(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam)

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

' ========================================================================================
' Main
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION wWinMain (BYVAL hInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                   BYVAL hPrevInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                   BYVAL pwszCmdLine AS WSTRING PTR, _
                   BYVAL nCmdShow AS LONG) AS LONG

   DIM pWindow AS CWindow
   pWindow.Create(NULL, "CWindow with a toolbar", @WndProc)
   ' // Set the client size
   pWindow.SetClientSize(600, 300)
   ' // Center the window
   pWindow.Center

   ' // Add a button
   pWindow.AddControl("Button", pWindow.hWindow, IDCANCEL, "&Close")

   ' // Add a tooolbar
   DIM hToolBar AS HWND = pWindow.AddControl("Toolbar", pWindow.hWindow, IDC_TOOLBAR)
   ' // Module instance handle
   DIM hInst AS HINSTANCE = GetModuleHandle(NULL)
   ' // Create an image list for the toolbar
   DIM hImageList AS HIMAGELIST
   DIM cx AS LONG = 16 * pWindow.DPI \ 96
   hImageList = ImageList_Create(cx, cx, ILC_COLOR32 OR ILC_MASK, 4, 0)
   IF hImageList THEN
      AfxGdipAddIconFromRes(hImageList, hInst, "IDI_ARROW_LEFT_48")
      AfxGdipAddIconFromRes(hImageList, hInst, "IDI_ARROW_RIGHT_48")
      AfxGdipAddIconFromRes(hImageList, hInst, "IDI_HOME_48")
      AfxGdipAddIconFromRes(hImageList, hInst, "IDI_SAVE_48")
   END IF
   SendMessageW hToolBar, TB_SETIMAGELIST, 0, CAST(LPARAM, hImageList)

   ' // Add buttons to the toolbar
   Toolbar_AddButton hToolBar, 0, IDM_LEFTARROW
   Toolbar_AddButton hToolBar, 1, IDM_RIGHTARROW
   Toolbar_AddButton hToolBar, 2, IDM_HOME
   Toolbar_AddButton hToolBar, 3, IDM_SAVEFILE

   ' // Size the toolbar
   SendMessageW hToolBar, TB_AUTOSIZE, 0, 0

   ' // Process event messages
   FUNCTION = pWindow.DoEvents(nCmdShow)

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

Visual style menus

Windows Vista and posterior Windows versions provide menus that are part of the visual schema. These menus are rendered using visual styles, which can be added to existing applications. Adding code for new features to existing code must be done carefully to avoid breaking existing application behavior. Certain situations can cause visual styling to be disabled in an application. These situations include:

• Customizing menus using owner-draw menu items (MFT_OWNERDRAW)
• Using menu breaks (MFT_MENUBREAK or MFT_MENUBARBREAK)
• Using HBMMENU_CALLBACK to defer bitmap rendering
• Using a destroyed menu handle

These situations prevent visual style menus from being rendered. Owner-draw menus can be used in Windows Vista and posterior Windows versions, but the menus will not be visually styled. Windows Vista and posterior Windows versions provide alpha-blended bitmaps, which enables menu items to be shown without using owner-draw menu items.

Requirements:

• The bitmap is a 32bpp DIB section.
• The DIB section has BI_RGB compression.
• The bitmap contains pre-multiplied alpha pixels.
• The bitmap is stored in hbmpChecked, hbmpUnchecked, or hbmpItem fields.

Note: MFT_BITMAP items do not support PARGB32 bitmaps.

The AfxAddIconToMenuItem function included in AfxMenu.inc allows to use alpha-blended icons in visually styled menus.

DIM hSubMenu AS HMENU = GetSubMenu(hMenu, 1)
DIM hIcon AS HICON
hIcon = LoadImageW(NULL, "MyIcon.ico", IMAGE_ICON, 32, 32, LR_LOADFROMFILE)
IF hIcon THEN AfxAddIconToMenuItem(hSubMenu, 0, TRUE, hIcon)

PNG icons can be used by converting them first to an icon with AfxGdipImageFromFile:

hIcon = AfxGdipImageFromFile("MyIcon.png")
IF hIcon THEN AfxAddIconToMenuItem(hSubMenu, 0, TRUE, hIcon)

But, in general, we are more interested in loading the icons from a resource file embedded in the application. We can achieve it using the AfxGdipIconFromRes function.

DIM hSubMenu AS HMENU = GetSubMenu(hMenu, 0)
AfxAddIconToMenuItem(hSubMenu, 0, TRUE, AfxGdipIconFromRes(hInst, "IDI_ARROW_LEFT_48"))

Remarks

Unlike toolbars, which use image lists, menus do not copy the icons but store their handles directly. Therefore, the icons must remain valid for as long as the menu exists.

The difference between AfxGdipIconFromFile / AfxGdipIconFromRes (used with menus) and AfxAddGdipIconFromFile / AfxAddGdipIconFromRes (used with image lists) is that the latter functions destroy the original icon after copying it into the image list.

Since menu icons are not copied, they must be destroyed manually when the menu is no longer needed. To do this, call the AfxDestroyMenuBitmaps function before destroying the menu.

Example

The following code uses the same resource file that the one for the “Using PNG icons in toolbars example” to demonstrate that we can use just one set of icons for both toolbars and menus.

#define _WIN32_WINNT &h0602
#INCLUDE ONCE "windows.bi"
#INCLUDE ONCE "win/uxtheme.bi"
#INCLUDE ONCE "AfxNova/CWindow.inc"
#INCLUDE ONCE "AfxNova/AfxGdiplus.inc"
#INCLUDE ONCE "AfxNova/AfxMenu.inc"
USING AfxNova

' // Menu identifiers
#define IDM_UNDO     1001   ' Undo
#define IDM_REDO     1002   ' Redo
#define IDM_HOME     1003   ' Home
#define IDM_SAVE     1004   ' Save file
#define IDM_EXIT     1005   ' Exit

DECLARE FUNCTION wWinMain (BYVAL hInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                          BYVAL hPrevInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                          BYVAL pwszCmdLine AS WSTRING PTR, _
                          BYVAL nCmdShow AS LONG) AS LONG

   END wWinMain(GetModuleHandleW(NULL), NULL, WCOMMAND(), SW_NORMAL)

' ========================================================================================
' Build the menu
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION BuildMenu () AS HMENU

   DIM hMenu AS HMENU
   DIM hPopUpMenu AS HMENU

   hMenu = CreateMenu
   hPopUpMenu = CreatePopUpMenu
      AppendMenuW hMenu, MF_POPUP OR MF_ENABLED, CAST(UINT_PTR, hPopUpMenu), "&File"
         AppendMenuW hPopUpMenu, MF_ENABLED, IDM_UNDO, "&Undo" & CHR(9) & "Ctrl+U"
         AppendMenuW hPopUpMenu, MF_ENABLED, IDM_REDO, "&Redo" & CHR(9) & "Ctrl+R"
         AppendMenuW hPopUpMenu, MF_ENABLED, IDM_HOME, "&Home" & CHR(9) & "Ctrl+H"
         AppendMenuW hPopUpMenu, MF_ENABLED, IDM_SAVE, "&Save" & CHR(9) & "Ctrl+S"
         AppendMenuW hPopUpMenu, MF_ENABLED, IDM_EXIT, "E&xit" & CHR(9) & "Alt+F4"
   FUNCTION = hMenu

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

' ========================================================================================
' Window procedure
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION WndProc (BYVAL hWnd AS HWND, BYVAL uMsg AS UINT, BYVAL wParam AS WPARAM, BYVAL lParam AS LPARAM) AS LRESULT

   SELECT CASE uMsg

      CASE WM_CREATE
         EXIT FUNCTION

      CASE WM_COMMAND
         SELECT CASE LOWORD(wParam)
            CASE IDCANCEL
               ' // If ESC key pressed, close the application sending an WM_CLOSE message
               IF HIWORD(wParam) = BN_CLICKED THEN
                  SendMessageW hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0
                  EXIT FUNCTION
               END IF
            CASE IDM_UNDO
               MessageBox hwnd, "Undo option clicked", "Menu", MB_OK
               EXIT FUNCTION
            CASE IDM_REDO
               MessageBox hwnd, "Redo option clicked", "Menu", MB_OK
               EXIT FUNCTION
            CASE IDM_HOME
               MessageBox hwnd, "Home option clicked", "Menu", MB_OK
               EXIT FUNCTION
            CASE IDM_SAVE
               MessageBox hwnd, "Save option clicked", "Menu", MB_OK
               EXIT FUNCTION
         END SELECT

      CASE WM_DESTROY
         ' // Destroy the menu and the bitmaps
         DIM hMenu AS HMENU = GetMenu(hwnd)
         AfxDestroyMenuBitmaps(hMenu)
         DestroyMenu(hMenu)              
         ' // End the application by sending an WM_QUIT message
         PostQuitMessage(0)
         RETURN 0

   END SELECT

   FUNCTION = DefWindowProcW(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam)

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

' ========================================================================================
' Main
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION wWinMain (BYVAL hInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                   BYVAL hPrevInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                   BYVAL pwszCmdLine AS WSTRING PTR, _
                   BYVAL nCmdShow AS LONG) AS LONG

   ' // Set process DPI aware
   SetProcessDpiAwareness(PROCESS_SYSTEM_DPI_AWARE)

   DIM pWindow AS CWindow
   pWindow.Create(NULL, "CWindow with a menu", @WndProc)
   pWindow.SetClientSize(400, 250)
   pWindow.Center

   ' // Add a button
   pWindow.AddControl("Button", pWindow.hWindow, IDCANCEL, "&Close", 280, 180, 75, 23)

   ' // Module instance handle
   DIM hInst AS HINSTANCE = GetModuleHandle(NULL)

   ' // Create the menu
   DIM hMenu AS HMENU = BuildMenu
   SetMenu pWindow.hWindow, hMenu

   ' // Add icons to the items of the File menu
   DIM hSubMenu AS HMENU = GetSubMenu(hMenu, 0)
   AfxAddIconToMenuItem(hSubMenu, 0, TRUE, AfxGdipIconFromRes(hInst, "IDI_ARROW_LEFT_48"))
   AfxAddIconToMenuItem(hSubMenu, 1, TRUE, AfxGdipIconFromRes(hInst, "IDI_ARROW_RIGHT_48"))
   AfxAddIconToMenuItem(hSubMenu, 2, TRUE, AfxGdipIconFromRes(hInst, "IDI_HOME_48"))
   AfxAddIconToMenuItem(hSubMenu, 3, TRUE, AfxGdipIconFromRes(hInst, "IDI_SAVE_48"))

   ' // Process Windows messages
   FUNCTION = pWindow.DoEvents(nCmdShow)

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

Keyboard Accelerators

Accelerators are closely related to menus — both provide the user with access to an application’s command set. Typically, users rely on an application’s menus to learn the command set and then switch over to using accelerators as they become more proficient with the application. Accelerators provide faster, more direct access to commands than menus do. At a minimum, an application should provide accelerators for the more commonly used commands. Although accelerators typically generate commands that exist as menu items, they can also generate commands that have no equivalent menu items.

Creating an accelerator table with CWindow is very simple. You only need to build the table with calls to the AddAccelerator method and then call the CreateAcceleratorTable method. The accelerator table will be destroyed automatically when the window is destroyed or the applications ends. If you need to change the accelerator table, you can first destroy it calling the DestroyAcceleratorTable method, build a new table with AddAccelerator and then call CreateAcceleratorTable.

' // Create a keyboard accelerator table
pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "U", IDM_UNDO ' // Ctrl+U - Undo
pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "R", IDM_REDO ' // Ctrl+R - Redo
pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "H", IDM_HOME ' // Ctrl+H - Home
pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "S", IDM_SAVE ' // Ctrl+S - Save
pWindow.CreateAcceleratorTable

Example

The following example creates a menu and an accelerator table.

#INCLUDE ONCE "windows.bi"
#INCLUDE ONCE "AfxNova/CWindow.inc"
#INCLUDE ONCE "AfxNova/AfxMenu.inc"
USING AfxNova

' // Menu identifiers
#define IDM_UNDO     1001   ' Undo
#define IDM_REDO     1002   ' Redo
#define IDM_HOME     1003   ' Home
#define IDM_SAVE     1004   ' Save file
#define IDM_EXIT     1005   ' Exit

DECLARE FUNCTION wWinMain (BYVAL hInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                           BYVAL hPrevInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                           BYVAL pwszCmdLine AS WSTRING PTR, _
                           BYVAL nCmdShow AS LONG) AS LONG

   END wWinMain(GetModuleHandleW(NULL), NULL, WCOMMAND(), SW_NORMAL)

' ========================================================================================
' Build the menu
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION BuildMenu () AS HMENU

   DIM hMenu AS HMENU
   DIM hPopUpMenu AS HMENU

   hMenu = CreateMenu
   hPopUpMenu = CreatePopUpMenu
      AppendMenuW hMenu, MF_POPUP OR MF_ENABLED, CAST(UINT_PTR, hPopUpMenu), "&File"
         AppendMenuW hPopUpMenu, MF_ENABLED, IDM_UNDO, "&Undo" & CHR(9) & "Ctrl+U"
         AppendMenuW hPopUpMenu, MF_ENABLED, IDM_REDO, "&Redo" & CHR(9) & "Ctrl+R"
         AppendMenuW hPopUpMenu, MF_ENABLED, IDM_HOME, "&Home" & CHR(9) & "Ctrl+H"
         AppendMenuW hPopUpMenu, MF_ENABLED, IDM_SAVE, "&Save" & CHR(9) & "Ctrl+S"
         AppendMenuW hPopUpMenu, MF_ENABLED, IDM_EXIT, "E&xit" & CHR(9) & "Alt+F4"
   FUNCTION = hMenu

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

' ========================================================================================
' Window procedure
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION WndProc (BYVAL hWnd AS HWND, BYVAL uMsg AS UINT, BYVAL wParam AS WPARAM, BYVAL lParam AS LPARAM) AS LRESULT

   SELECT CASE uMsg

      CASE WM_CREATE
         EXIT FUNCTION

      CASE WM_COMMAND
         SELECT CASE LOWORD(wParam)
            CASE IDCANCEL
               ' // If ESC key pressed, close the application sending an WM_CLOSE message
               IF HIWORD(wParam) = BN_CLICKED THEN
                  SendMessageW hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0
                  EXIT FUNCTION
               END IF
            CASE IDM_UNDO
               MessageBox hwnd, "Undo option clicked", "Menu", MB_OK
               EXIT FUNCTION
            CASE IDM_REDO
               MessageBox hwnd, "Redo option clicked", "Menu", MB_OK
               EXIT FUNCTION
            CASE IDM_HOME
               MessageBox hwnd, "Home option clicked", "Menu", MB_OK
               EXIT FUNCTION
            CASE IDM_SAVE
               MessageBox hwnd, "Save option clicked", "Menu", MB_OK
               EXIT FUNCTION
         END SELECT

      CASE WM_DESTROY
         PostQuitMessage(0)
         EXIT FUNCTION

   END SELECT

   FUNCTION = DefWindowProcW(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam)

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

' ========================================================================================
' Main
' ========================================================================================
FUNCTION wWinMain (BYVAL hInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                   BYVAL hPrevInstance AS HINSTANCE, _
                   BYVAL pwszCmdLine AS WSTRING PTR, _
                   BYVAL nCmdShow AS LONG) AS LONG

   ' // Set process DPI aware
   SetProcessDpiAwareness(PROCESS_SYSTEM_DPI_AWARE)

   DIM pWindow AS CWindow
   pWindow.Create(NULL, "CWindow with a menu", @WndProc)
   pWindow.SetClientSize(400, 250)
   pWindow.Center

   ' // Add a button
   DIM hButton AS HWND = pWindow.AddControl("Button", pWindow.hWindow, IDCANCEL, "&Close", 280, 180, 75, 23)
   SetFocus hButton

   ' // Module instance handle
   DIM hInst AS HINSTANCE = GetModuleHandle(NULL)

   ' // Create the menu
   DIM hMenu AS HMENU = BuildMenu
   SetMenu pWindow.hWindow, hMenu

   ' // Create a keyboard accelerator table
   pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "U", IDM_UNDO ' // Ctrl+U - Undo
   pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "R", IDM_REDO ' // Ctrl+R - Redo
   pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "H", IDM_HOME ' // Ctrl+H - Home
   pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "S", IDM_SAVE ' // Ctrl+S - Save
   pWindow.CreateAcceleratorTable

   ' // Process Windows messages
   FUNCTION = pWindow.DoEvents(nCmdShow)

END FUNCTION
' ========================================================================================

AccelHandle

Gets/sets the accelerator table handle.

PROPERTY AccelHandle () AS HACCEL
PROPERTY AccelHandle (BYVAL hAccel AS HACCEL)

Return value

The current accelerator table handle.

Remarks

If a previous table was attached to the target dialog, the table is automatically destroyed when the new table is attached in its place. The accelerator table is also destroyed automatically when the class is destroyed.

You can destroy the current accelerator table by setting the property with a null handle.

Usage example

DIM hAccel AS HACCEL = pWindow.AccelHandle

AddAccelerator

Adds an accelerator key to the table.

SUB AddAccelerator (BYVAL fvirt AS UBYTE, BYVAL wKey AS WORD, BYVAL cmd AS WORD)

Remarks

To create an accelerator table, first add all the keys using this method and then call the CreateAcceleratorTable method.

Example

' // Create a keyboard accelerator table
pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "U", IDM_UNDO ' // Ctrl+U - Undo
pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "R", IDM_REDO ' // Ctrl+R - Redo
pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "H", IDM_HOME ' // Ctrl+H - Home
pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "S", IDM_SAVE ' // Ctrl+S - Save
pWindow.CreateAcceleratorTable

AddControl

Adds a control to the window.

FUNCTION AddControl (BYREF wszClassName AS WSTRING, BYVAL hParent AS HWND = NULL, _
   BYVAL cID AS LONG_PTR = 0, BYREF wszTitle AS WSTRING = "", BYVAL x AS LONG = 0, _
   BYVAL y AS LONG = 0, BYVAL nWidth AS LONG = 0, BYVAL nHeight AS LONG = 0, _
   BYVAL dwStyle AS LONG = -1, BYVAL dwExStyle AS LONG = -1, _
   BYVAL lpParam AS LONG_PTR = 0) AS HWND

Return value

If the method succeeds, the return value is a handle to the new control.

If the method fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

This method typically fails for one of the following reasons:

• An invalid parameter value
• The system class was registered by a different module
• The WH_CBT hook is installed and returns a failure code
• If the control is not registered or its window window procedure fails WM_CREATE or WM_NCCREATE.

Predefined class names and styles

Remarks

For the “BITMAPBUTTON”, “BITMAPLABEL”, “ICONBUTTON” and “ICONLABEL” controls you must pass in the wszTitle parameter the name of the bitmap in the resource file (.RES). If the image resource uses an integral identifier, the name should begin with a number symbol (#) followed by the identifier in an ASCII format, e.g., “#998”. Otherwise, use the text identifier name for the image.

AnchorControl

Anchors a window or control to its parent window.

FUNCTION AnchorControl (BYVAL hwndCtl AS HWND, BYVAL nAnchorMode AS LONG) AS BOOLEAN

FUNCTION AnchorControl (BYVAL cID AS LONG, BYVAL nAnchorMode AS LONG) AS BOOLEAN

Constants

ENUM AFX_ANCHORPOINT
   AFX_ANCHOR_NONE =  0
   AFX_ANCHOR_WIDTH
   AFX_ANCHOR_RIGHT
   AFX_ANCHOR_CENTER_HORZ
   AFX_ANCHOR_HEIGHT
   AFX_ANCHOR_HEIGHT_WIDTH
   AFX_ANCHOR_HEIGHT_RIGHT
   AFX_ANCHOR_BOTTOM
   AFX_ANCHOR_BOTTOM_WIDTH
   AFX_ANCHOR_BOTTOM_RIGHT
   AFX_ANCHOR_CENTER_HORZ_BOTTOM
   AFX_ANCHOR_CENTER_VERT
   AFX_ANCHOR_CENTER_VERT_RIGHT
   AFX_ANCHOR_CENTER
END ENUM

Example

pWindow.AnchorControl(IDCANCEL, AFX_ANCHOR_BOTTOM_RIGHT)
pWindow.AnchorControl(IDC_GROUPBOX, AFX_ANCHOR_HEIGHT_RIGHT)
pWindow.AnchorControl(IDC_COMBOBOX, AFX_ANCHOR_RIGHT)

BigIcon

Associates a new large icon with the main window. The system displays the large icon in the ALT+TAB dialog box.

PROPERTY BigIcon (BYVAL hIcon AS HICON)

Example

pWindow.BigIcon = LoadImage(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(101), IMAGE_ICON, 48, 48, LR_SHARED)

SmallIcon

Associates a new small icon with the main window. The system displays the small icon in the in the window caption.

PROPERTY SmallIcon (BYVAL hIcon AS HICON)

Example

pWindow.SmallIcon = LoadImage(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(100), IMAGE_ICON, 32, 32, LR_SHARED)

Brush

Gets/sets the background brush.

PROPERTY Brush () AS HBRUSH
PROPERTY Brush (BYVAL hbrBackground AS HBRUSH)

Usage examples

pWindow.Brush = CAST(HBRUSH, COLOR_WINDOW + 1)

' // Make the background of the window white
pWindow.Brush = GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH)

' // Make the background of the window blue
pWindow.Brush = CreateSolidBrush(BGR(0, 0, 255))

Center

Centers a window on the screen or over another window. It also ensures that the placement is done within the work area.

SUB Center (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND = NULL, BYVAL hwndParent AS HWND = NULL)

Example

' // Creates the main window
DIM pWindow AS CWindow
pWindow.Create(NULL, "CWindow test", @WndProc)
' // Sizes it by setting the wanted width and height of its client area
pWindow.SetClientSize(500, 320)
' // Centers the window
pWindow.Center

ClassStyle

Gets/sets the style of the class.

PROPERTY ClassStyle () AS ULONG_PTR
PROPERTY ClassStyle (BYVAL dwStyle AS ULONG_PTR)

Example

' // Creates the main window
DIM pWindow AS CWindow
pWindow.Create(NULL, "CWindow test", @WndProc)
' // Change the class style
pWindow.ClassStyle = CS_DBLCLKS

ClientHeight

Returns the unscaled client height of the main window.

PROPERTY ClientHeight () AS LONG

Usage example

DIM nHeight AS LONG = pWindow.ClientHeight

ClientWidth

Returns the unscaled client width of the main window.

PROPERTY ClientWidth () AS LONG

Usage example

DIM nWidth AS LONG = pWindow.ClientWidth

ControlClientHeight

Returns the unscaled client height of the specified window or control.

PROPERTY ControlClientHeight (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND) AS LONG

Usage example

DIM nHeight AS LONG = pWindow.ControlClientHeight(hwnd)

ControlClientWidth

Returns the unscaled client width of the specified window or control.

PROPERTY ControlClientWidth (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND) AS LONG

Usage example

DIM nHeight AS LONG = pWindow.ControlClientWidth(hwnd)

ControlGetUser

Gets the control’s user data.

FUNCTION ControlGetUser (BYVAL hCtl AS LONG, BYVAL index AS LONG) AS LONG_PTR
FUNCTION ControlGetUser (BYVAL cID AS LONG, BYVAL index AS LONG) AS LONG_PTR

Remarks

Each control has a user data area consisting of ten LONG_PTR values which may be used at the programmer’s discretion to save relevant data. ControlGetUser allows one of the values to be retrieved, based upon the index parameter value (0 through 9).

Return value

Returns the LONG_PTR data value stored in the nominated user data index.

ControlSetUser

Sets the control’s user data.

FUNCTION ControlSetUser (BYVAL hCtl AS LONG, BYVAL index AS LONG, BYVAL userValue AS LONG_PTR) AS BOOLEAN
FUNCTION ControlSetUser (BYVAL cID AS LONG, BYVAL index AS LONG, BYVAL userValue AS LONG_PTR) AS BOOLEAN

Remarks

Each control has a user data area consisting of ten LONG_PTR values which may be used at the programmer’s discretion to save relevant data. ControlSetUser allows one of the values to be set, based upon the index parameter value (0 through 9).

ControlHandle

Retrieves a handle to the child control specified by its identifier.

FUNCTION ControlHandle (BYVAL cID AS LONG) AS HWND

Usage example

DIM hCtl AS HWND = pWindow.ControlHandle(cID)

ControlHeight

Returns the unscaled height of the specified window.

FUNCTION ControlHeight (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND) AS LONG

Usage example

DIM nHeight AS LONG = pWindow.ControlHeight(hwnd)

ControlWidth

Returns the unscaled width of the specified window.

FUNCTION ControlWidth (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND) AS LONG

Usage example

DIM nWidth AS LONG = pWindow.ControlWidth(hwnd)

Create

Create creates a new window. If you don’t specify the window styles, it creates an overlaped window with the styles WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW OR WS_CLIPCHILDREN OR WS_CLIPSIBLINGS and the extended styles WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT OR WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE.

CreateOverlapped creates an overlapped window. An overlapped window has a title bar and a border and uses these styles: WS_OVERLAPPED OR WS_CAPTION OR WS_SYSMENU.

FUNCTION Create (BYVAL hParent AS HWND = NULL, BYREF wszTitle AS WSTRING = "", _
   BYVAL lpfnWndProc AS WNDPROC = NULL, BYVAL x AS LONG = CW_USEDEFAULT, _
   BYVAL y AS LONG = CW_USEDEFAULT, BYVAL nWidth AS LONG = CW_USEDEFAULT, _
   BYVAL nHeight AS LONG = CW_USEDEFAULT, 
   BYVAL dwStyle AS UINT = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW OR WS_CLIPCHILDREN OR WS_CLIPSIBLINGS, _
   BYVAL dwExStyle AS UINT = WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT OR WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE) AS HWND

FUNCTION CreateOverlapped (BYVAL hParent AS HWND = NULL, BYREF wszTitle AS WSTRING = "", _
   BYVAL lpfnWndProc AS WNDPROC = NULL, BYVAL x AS LONG = CW_USEDEFAULT, _
   BYVAL y AS LONG = CW_USEDEFAULT, BYVAL nWidth AS LONG = CW_USEDEFAULT, _
   BYVAL nHeight AS LONG = CW_USEDEFAULT, _
   BYVAL dwExStyle AS UINT = WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT OR WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE) AS HWND

Return value

If the function succeeds, the return value is a handle to the new window.

If the function fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

Window Styles

The following are the window styles. After the window has been created, these styles cannot be modified, except as noted.

Extended Window Styles

Usage examples

DIM hwndMain AS HWND = pWindow.Create

DIM hwndMain AS HWND = pWindow.Create(NULL, "CWindow Test", @WndProc)

DIM hwndMain AS HWND = pWindow.Create(NULL, "CWindow Test", @WndProc), 0, 0, 525, 395)

DIM hwndMain AS HWND = pWindow.Create(NULL, "CWindow Test", @WndProc, 0, 0, 525, 395, _
   WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW OR WS_CLIPCHILDREN OR WS_CLIPSIBLINGS, WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT OR WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE)

CreateAcceleratorTable

Creates the accelerator table.

FUNCTION CreateAcceleratorTable () AS HACCEL

Return value

The handle of the new accelerator table.

Example

' // Create a keyboard accelerator table
pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "U", IDM_UNDO ' // Ctrl+U - Undo
pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "R", IDM_REDO ' // Ctrl+R - Redo
pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "H", IDM_HOME ' // Ctrl+H - Home
pWindow.AddAccelerator FVIRTKEY OR FCONTROL, "S", IDM_SAVE ' // Ctrl+S - Save
DIM hAccel AS HACCEL = pWindow.CreateAcceleratorTable

CreateFont

Creates a DPI aware logical font.

FUNCTION CreateFont (BYREF wszFaceName AS WSTRING, BYVAL lPointSize AS LONG, _
   BYVAL lWeight AS LONG = FW_NORMAL, BYVAL bItalic AS UBYTE = FALSE, _
   BYVAL bUnderline AS UBYTE = FALSE, BYVAL bStrikeOut AS UBYTE = FALSE, _
   BYVAL bCharSet AS UBYTE = DEFAULT_CHARSET) AS HFONT

Return value

A handle to a logical font indicates success. NULL indicates failure. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

Examples

hFont = CWindow.CreateFont("MS Sans Serif", 8, FW_NORMAL, , , , DEFAULT_CHARSET)
hFont = CWindow.CreateFont("Courier New", 10, FW_BOLD, , , , DEFAULT_CHARSET)
hFont = CWindow.CreateFont("Marlett", 8, FW_NORMAL, , , , SYMBOL_CHARSET)

DefaultFontSize

Gets/sets the point size of the default font.

PROPERTY DefaultFontSize () AS LONG
PROPERTY DefaultFontSize (BYVAL nPointSize AS LONG)

Return value

The point size of the font.

Usage examples

DIM nSize AS LONG = pWindow.DefaultFontSize

pWindow.DefaultFontSize = 12

DoEvents

Processes windows messages.

FUNCTION DoEvents (BYVAL nCmdShow AS LONG = 0) AS LONG

Return value

The application exit code. This is the value sent when calling the PostQuitMessage API function.

Remarks

This is the default message pump and should be enough for most applications, but you can replace it with your own.

Usage example

FUNCTION = pWindow.DoEvents(nCmdShow)

DPI

Gets/sets the DPI (dots per inch) to be used by the application. The main window, controls and fonts will be scaled according this value. Don’t change the DPI value once the main window has been created.

By default, CWindow retrieves the DPI setting used by the computer and calculates the scaling ratios, but you can use this property to alter this behavior. For example, passing a DPI of 96 disables scaling; any other value, changes the scaling ratios.

PROPERTY DPI () AS SINGLE
PROPERTY DPI (BYVAL nDPI AS SINGLE)

Remarks

To make the application DPI aware with Windows 10 or superior it’s needed a call to the API function SetProcessDpiAwareness or set it through the application manifest.

DLLs should accept the dpi setting of the host process rather than call SetProcessDpiAwareness themselves. To be set properly, dpiAware should be specified as part of the application (.exe) manifest. (dpiAware defined in an embedded DLL manifest has no affect.) The following markup shows how to set dpiAware as part of an application (.exe) manifest.

<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3" >
 ...
  <asmv3:application>
    <asmv3:windowsSettings xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">
      <dpiAware>true</dpiAware>
    </asmv3:windowsSettings>
  </asmv3:application>
 ...
</assembly>

Usage examples

DIM dpi AS LONG = pWindow.DPI

pWindow.DPI = 96

Font

Gets/sets the font used as default.

PROPERTY Font () AS HFONT
PROPERTY Font (BYVAL hFont AS HFONT)

Usage examples

DIM hFont AS HFONT = pWindow.Font

pWindow.Font = hFont

The Set property can only be used before calling the Create method. If the windows has already been created, calling this property is ignored.

GetClientRect

Retrieves the unscaled coordinates of the main window client area. The client coordinates specify the upper-left and lower-right corners of the client area. Because client coordinates are relative to the upper-left corner of a window’s client area, the coordinates of the upper-left corner are (0,0).

SUB GetClientRect (BYVAL lpRect AS LPRECT)
FUNCTION GetClientRect () AS RECT

Remarks

In conformance with conventions for the RECT structure, the bottom-right coordinates of the returned rectangle are exclusive. In other words, the pixel at (right, bottom) lies immediately outside the rectangle.

Usage examples

DIM rc AS RECT
pWindow.GetClientRect(@rc)

DIM rc AS RECT = pWindow.GetClientRect

GetControlClientRect

Retrieves the unscaled coordinates of a window’s client area. The client coordinates specify the upper-left and lower-right corners of the client area. Because client coordinates are relative to the upper-left corner of a window’s client area, the coordinates of the upper-left corner are (0,0).

SUB GetControlClientRect (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND, BYVAL lpRect AS LPRECT)

FUNCTION GetControlClientRect (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND) AS RECT

Remarks

In conformance with conventions for the RECT structure, the bottom-right coordinates of the returned rectangle are exclusive. In other words, the pixel at (right, bottom) lies immediately outside the rectangle.

Usage examples

DIM rc AS RECT
pWindow.GetControlClientRect(hCtl, @rc)

DIM rc AS RECT = pWindow.GetControlClientRect(hCtl)

GetControlWindowRect

Retrieves the unscaled dimensions of the bounding rectangle of the specified window. The dimensions are given in screen coordinates that are relative to the upper-left corner of the screen.

SUB GetControlWindowRect (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND, BYVAL lpRect AS LPRECT)

FUNCTION GetControlWindowRect (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND) AS RECT

Remarks

In conformance with conventions for the RECT structure, the bottom-right coordinates of the returned rectangle are exclusive. In other words, the pixel at (right, bottom) lies immediately outside the rectangle.

Usage examples

DIM rc AS RECT
pWindow.GetControlWindowRect(hCtl, @rc)

DIM rc AS RECT = pWindow.GetControlWindowRect(hCtl)

GetWindowRect

Retrieves the unscaled dimensions of the bounding rectangle of the main window. The dimensions are given in screen coordinates that are relative to the upper-left corner of the screen.

SUB GetWindowRect (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND, BYVAL lpRect AS LPRECT)

FUNCTION GetWindowRect (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND) AS RECT

Remarks

In conformance with conventions for the RECT structure, the bottom-right coordinates of the returned rectangle are exclusive. In other words, the pixel at (right, bottom) lies immediately outside the rectangle.

Usage examples

DIM rc AS RECT
pWindow.GetWindowRect(@rc)

DIM rc AS RECT = pWindow.GetWindowRect

GetWorkArea

Retrieves the unscaled size of the work area on the primary display monitor. The work area is the portion of the screen not obscured by the system taskbar or by application desktop toolbars.

SUB GetWorkArea (BYVAL lpRect AS LPRECT)

FUNCTION GetWorkArea () AS RECT

Remarks

In conformance with conventions for the RECT structure, the bottom-right coordinates of the returned rectangle are exclusive. In other words, the pixel at (right, bottom) lies immediately outside the rectangle.

Usage examples

DIM rc AS RECT
pWindow.GetWorkArea(@rc)

DIM rc AS RECT = pWindow.GetWorkArea

Height

Returns the unscaled height of the main window.

PROPERTY Height () AS LONG

Usage example

DIM nHeight AS LONG = pWindow.Height

Width

Returns the unscaled width of the main window.

PROPERTY Width () AS LONG

Usage example

DIM nWidth AS LONG = pWindow.Width

ScreenX

Returns the unscaled x-coordinate of the window relative to the screen.

PROPERTY ScreenX () AS LONG

Usage example

DIM nLeft AS LONG = pWindow.ScreenX

ScreenY

Returns the unscaled y-coordinate of the window relative to the screen.

PROPERTY ScreenY () AS LONG

Usage example

DIM nTop AS LONG = pWindow.ScreenY

hWindow

Gets/sets the main window handle.

PROPERTY hWindow () AS HWND
PROPERTY hWindow (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND)

Return value

The window handle.

Usage examples

DIM hwnd AS HWND = pWindow.hWindow

pWindow.hWindow = hwnd

InstanceHandle

Gets/sets the instance handle.

PROPERTY InstanceHandle () AS HINSTANCE
PROPERTY InstanceHandle (BYVAL hInst AS HINSTANCE)

Return value

The instance handle.

Usage example

DIM hInstance = pWindow.InstanceHandle

pWindow.InstanceHandle = pInstance

IsNonStable

Returns true if the CWindow is non stable; otherwise, false.

FUNCTION IsNonStable () AS BOOLEAN

IsStabilized

Returns true if the CWindow is stabilized; otherwise, false.

FUNCTION IsStabilized () AS BOOLEAN

IsWindowScrollable

Returns true if the CWindow is scrollable; otherwise, false.

FUNCTION IsWindowScrollable () AS BOOLEAN

MoveWindow

Changes the position and dimensions of the specified window. For a top-level window, the position and dimensions are relative to the upper-left corner of the screen. For a child window, they are relative to the upper-left corner of the parent window’s client area. This method scales the window by multiplying the size and coordinates according the DPI setting; therefore, you must pass unscaled values to it.

FUNCTION MoveWindow (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND, BYVAL x AS LONG, BYVAL y AS LONG, _
   BYVAL nWidth AS LONG, BYVAL nHeight AS LONG, BYVAL bRepaint AS WINBOOL) AS WINBOOL

Return value

If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.

If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

Remarks

If the bRepaint parameter is CTRUE, the system sends the WM_PAINT message to the window procedure immediately after moving the window (that is, the MoveWindow method calls the UpdateWindow function). If bRepaint is FALSE, the application must explicitly invalidate or redraw any parts of the window and parent window that need redrawing.

MoveWindow sends the WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING, WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED, WM_MOVE, WM_SIZE, and WM_NCCALCSIZE messages to the window.

Usage example

pWindow.MoveWindow GetDlgItem(hwnd, IDCANCEL), pWindow.ClientWidth, _
   pWindow-ClientHeight, 75, 23, CTRUE

NonStable

Makes a CWindow non stable (closeable).

FUNCTION NonStable () AS BOOLEAN

Return value

If the function succeeds, the function returns true; otherwise, false.

Remarks

The window is made non-stable, meaning that it can be closed by the user. If there is a system menu, the close option and the close box are enabled. The ALT-F4 close key is also enabled. This is the default mode of operation.

Resize

Resizes the window sending a WM_SIZE message with the SIZE_RESTORED value.

SUB Resize

Usage example

pWindow.Resize

rxRatio

Returns the horizontal scaling ratio.

PROPERTY rxRatio () AS SINGLE

Usage example

DIM rx AS LONG = pWindow.rxRatio

ryRatio

Returns the vertical scaling ratio.

PROPERTY ryRatio () AS SINGLE

Usage example

DIM ry AS LONG = pWindow.ryRatio

ScaleX

Scales an horizontal coordinate according the DPI setting.

PROPERTY ScaleX (BYVAL cx AS SINGLE) AS SINGLE

Usage example

pWindow.ScaleX(cx)

Remarks

A SINGLE datatype is used instead of a long to avoid rounding errors in the calculation.

ScaleY

Scales an vertical coordinate according the DPI setting.

PROPERTY ScaleY (BYVAL cy AS SINGLE) AS SINGLE

Usage example

pWindow.ScaleY(cy)

Remarks

A SINGLE datatype is used instead of a long to avoid rounding errors in the calculation.

SetBackColor

Sets the background color of a CWindow.

FUNCTION SetBackColor (BYVAL backColor AS COLORREF) AS BOOLEAN

SetClientSize

Adjusts the bounding rectangle of the window based on the desired size of the client area. The sizes are scaled according the DPI seeting.

SUB SetClientSize (BYVAL nWidth AS LONG, BYVAL nHeight AS LONG)

Usage example

pWindow.SetClientSize(400, 250)

SetControlSubclass

Installs or updates a control subclass callback.

FUNCTION SetControlSubclass (BYVAL hCtl AS HWND, BYVAL pfnSubclass AS ANY PTR, _
   BYVAL uIdSubclass AS UINT_PTR, BYVAL dwRefData AS ANY PTR) AS BOOLEAN
FUNCTION SetControlSubclass (BYVAL hCtl AS HWND, BYVAL pfnSubclass AS ANY PTR, _
   BYVAL uIdSubclass AS UINT_PTR, BYVAL dwRefData AS DWORD_PTR) AS BOOLEAN

Return value

TRUE if the subclass callback was successfully installed; otherwise, FALSE.

Remarks

Subclass callbacks are identified by the combination of the callback address and the caller-defined subclass ID. If the callback address and ID pair have not yet been installed, then this function installs the subclass. If the pair has already been installed, then this function just updates the reference data.

Each callback can store a single DWORD_PTR of reference data, which is passed to the callback function when it is called to filter messages. No reference counting is performed for the callback; it may repeatedly call SetControlSubclass to alter the value of its reference data element.

Warning: You cannot use the subclassing helper functions to subclass a window across threads.

SetControlCallback

Optional address of a callback function that receives all WM_COMMAND and WM_NOTIFY messages for the control.

FUNCTION SetControlCallback (BYVAL hCtl AS HWND, BYVAL pCallback AS ANY PTR) AS BOOLEAN
FUNCTION SetControlCallback (BYVAL cID AS LONG, BYVAL pCallback AS ANY PTR) AS BOOLEAN

Return value

TRUE if the subclass callback was successfully installed; otherwise, FALSE.

SetCtlColors

Sets the colors of a and edit, listbox or static control.

FUNCTION SetCtlColors (BYVAL hCtl AS HWND, BYVAL foreColor AS COLORREF, _
   BYVAL backColor AS COLORREF) AS BOOLEAN

GetBackColor

Gets the background color of a CWindowor control.

FUNCTION GetBackColor (BYVAL hCtl AS HWND) AS COLORREF

GetForeColor

Gets the foreground color of a control.

FUNCTION GetForeColor (BYVAL hCtl AS HWND) AS COLORREF

SetFont

Creates a DPI aware logical font and sets it as the default font.

FUNCTION SetFont (BYREF wszFaceName AS WSTRING, BYVAL lPointSize AS LONG, _
   BYVAL lWeight AS LONG = FW_NORMAL, BYVAL bItalic AS UBYTE = FALSE, _
   BYVAL bUnderline AS UBYTE = FALSE, BYVAL bStrikeOut AS UBYTE = FALSE, _
   BYVAL bCharSet AS UBYTE = DEFAULT_CHARSET) AS LONG

Return value

CTRUE or FALSE.

Usage examples

pWindow.SetFont("MS Sans Serif", 8, FW_NORMAL, , , , DEFAULT_CHARSET)
pWindow.SetFont("Courier New", 10, FW_BOLD, , , , DEFAULT_CHARSET)
pWindow.SetFont("Marlett", 8, FW_NORMAL, , , , SYMBOL_CHARSET)

SetViewPort

Makes a CWindow scrollable by shrinking its client area size.

FUNCTION SetViewPort (BYVAL nWidth AS LONG, BYVAL nHeight AS LONG) AS BOOLEAN

SetWindowPos

Changes the size, position, and Z order of a child, pop-up, or top-level window. These windows are ordered according to their appearance on the screen. The topmost window receives the highest rank and is the first window in the Z order. The sizes and coordinates are scaled according the DPI setting.

FUNCTION SetWindowPos (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND, BYVAL hwndInsertAfter AS HWND, _
   BYVAL x AS LONG, BYVAL y AS LONG, BYVAL cx AS LONG, BYVAL cy AS LONG, _
   BYVAL uFlags AS UINT) AS WINBOOL

Return value

If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.

If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

Remarks

As part of the Vista re-architecture, all services were moved off the interactive desktop into Session 0. hwnd and window manager operations are only effective inside a session and cross-session attempts to manipulate the hwnd will fail.

If you have changed certain window data using SetWindowLongPtrW, you must call SetWindowPos for the changes to take effect. Use the following combination for uFlags: SWP_NOMOVE OR SWP_NOSIZE OR SWP_NOZORDER OR SWP_FRAMECHANGED.

A window can be made a topmost window either by setting the hwndInsertAfter parameter to HWND_TOPMOST and ensuring that the SWP_NOZORDER flag is not set, or by setting a window’s position in the Z order so that it is above any existing topmost windows. When a non-topmost window is made topmost, its owned windows are also made topmost. Its owners, however, are not changed.

If neither the SWP_NOACTIVATE nor SWP_NOZORDER flag is specified (that is, when the application requests that a window be simultaneously activated and its position in the Z order changed), the value specified in hwndInsertAfter is used only in the following circumstances.

• Neither the HWND_TOPMOST nor HWND_NOTOPMOST flag is specified in hwndInsertAfter.
• The window identified by hwnd is not the active window.

An application cannot activate an inactive window without also bringing it to the top of the Z order. Applications can change an activated window’s position in the Z order without restrictions, or it can activate a window and then move it to the top of the topmost or non-topmost windows.

If a topmost window is repositioned to the bottom (HWND_BOTTOM) of the Z order or after any non-topmost window, it is no longer topmost. When a topmost window is made non-topmost, its owners and its owned windows are also made non-topmost windows.

A non-topmost window can own a topmost window, but the reverse cannot occur. Any window (for example, a dialog box) owned by a topmost window is itself made a topmost window, to ensure that all owned windows stay above their owner.

If an application is not in the foreground, and should be in the foreground, it must call the SetForegroundWindow function.

To use SetWindowPos to bring a window to the top, the process that owns the window must have SetForegroundWindow permission.

Usage example

SetWindowPos(hwnd, NULL, 0, 0, cx, cy, _
   SWP_NOZORDER OR SWP_NOMOVE OR SWP_NOACTIVATE)

Stabilize

Makes theCWindow stabilized (non-closeable by the user).

FUNCTION Stabilize () AS BOOLEAN

Return value

If the function succeeds, the function returns true; otherwise, false.

Remarks

If there is a system menu, the close option and the close box are grayed. The ALT-F4 close key is disabled. This allows you to be certain that your operations on can be completed. When a CWindow is stabilized, only program termination will close it.

UnScaleX

Unscales an horizontal coordinate according the DPI setting.

PROPERTY UnScaleX (BYVAL cx AS SINGLE) AS SINGLE

Remarks

A SINGLE datatype is used instead of a long to avoid rounding errors in the calculation.

Usage example

DIM cx AS SINGLE = pWindow.UnScaleX(250)

UnScaleY

Unscales a vertical coordinate according the DPI setting.

PROPERTY UnScaleY (BYVAL cy AS SINGLE) AS SINGLE

Remarks

A SINGLE datatype is used instead of a long to avoid rounding errors in the calculation.

Usage example

DIM cy AS SINGLE = pWindow.UnScaleY(250)

UserData

Gets/sets a value in the user data area of the window.

PROPERTY UserData (BYVAL idx AS LONG) AS LONG_PTR
PROPERTY UserData (BYVAL idx AS LONG, BYVAL newValue AS LONG_PTR)

Usage examples

pWindow.UserData(1) = value

DIM value AS LONG_PTR = pWindow.UserData(1)

WindowExStyle

Gets/sets the window extended styles.

PROPERTY WindowExStyle () AS ULONG_PTR
PROPERTY WindowExStyle (BYVAL dwExStyle AS ULONG_PTR)

Return value

The extended style(s) used by the window.

Usage examples

DIM dwExStyle AS ULONG_PTR = pWindow.WindowExStyle

pWindow.WindowExStyle = WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE

WindowStyle

Gets/sets the window styles.

PROPERTY WindowStyle () AS ULONG_PTR
PROPERTY WindowStyle (BYVAL dwStyle AS ULONG_PTR)

Return value

The style(s) used by the window.

Usage examples

DIM dwStyle AS ULONG_PTR = pWindow.WindowStyle

pWindow.WindowStyle = WS_POPUPWINDOW OR WS_CAPTION   ' // Creates a popup window

AfxCWindowPtr

Returns a pointer to the CWindow class given the handle of the main window or the CREATESTRUCT structure associated with it. To retrieve it from the handle of any of its child windows or controls, use AfxCWindowOwnerPtr.

FUNCTION AfxCWindowPtr (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND) AS CWindow PTR
FUNCTION AfxCWindowPtr (BYVAL lParam AS LPARAM) AS CWindow PTR
FUNCTION AfxCWindowPtr (BYVAL pCreateStruct AS CREATESTRUCT PTR) AS CWindow PTR

Return value

A pointer to the CWindow class or NULL.

Usage examples

DIM pWindow AS CWindow PTR = AfxCWindowPtr(hwnd)

DIM pWindow AS CWindow PTR = AfxCWindowPtr(lParam)

AfxCWindowOwnerPtr

Returns a pointer to the CWindow class given the handle of the window created with it or the handle of any of it’s children windows or controls.

FUNCTION AfxCWindowOwnerPtr (BYVAL hwnd AS HWND) AS CWindow PTR

Return value

A pointer to the CWindow class or NULL.

Usage example

DIM pWindow AS CWindow PTR = AfxCWindowOwnerPtr(hwnd)

AfxInputBox

Input box dialog.

FUNCTION AfxInputBox (BYVAL hParent AS HWND = NULL, BYVAL x AS LONG = 0, _
   BYVAL y AS LONG = 0, BYREF dwsCaption AS DWSTRING = "", BYREF dwsPrompt AS DWSTRING = "", _
   BYREF dwsText AS DWSTRING = "", BYVAL nLen AS LONG = 260, _
   BYVAL bPassword AS BOOLEAN = FALSE) AS DWSTRING

Return value

The edited string.

Usage example

DIM dws AS DWSTRING = AfxInputBox(hwnd, 0, 0, "InputBox test", "What's your name?", "My name is José")